Some of these criteria tend to cluster with one another, while others do not: metabolism, growth and reproduction self-organization and homeostasis an ability to decrease internal entropy by the appropriation of free energy stimulus response suited to self-preservation and propagation and adaptation. In the dialectic of debates about the extension of life, one witnesses a predictably repeating pattern: one side appeals to a motley of variegated criteria for something’s qualifying as a living system, only to find an opposite side taking issue with the individual necessity or collective sufficiency of the proposed criteria.
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